VARIANT- A manufactured fiber modified
in polymer configuration or by additive during
manufacture,
resulting in a change in the properties of the fiber. Examples are
flame-retardant
variants,
deep-dyeing variants, high-tenacity variants, low-pilling variants, and
cotton-blending or
wool-blending
variants.
V-BED FLAT-KNITTING MACHINE- A
latch-needle weft-knitting machine with two
needlebeds
at a 90° angle to each other in the form
of an inverted V. Each needlebed is at a 45°
angle
to the horizontal. These machines are used primarily to produce collars,
sleeves, sweater
strips,
and rib trims.
VEGETABLE FIBER- A textile fiber of vegetable
origin, such as cotton, kapok, jute, ramie,
and
flax.
VELOUR- 1. Generally, a soft, closely
woven fabric with a short, thick pile, weighting about 10
to 20
ounces per yard and made in a plain or satin weave. Velour is usually made of
cotton or
wool,
or with a cotton warp in wool, silk, or mohair velour. It is also made in
blends of spun
manufactured
fiber and wool. Velours are used for coats, draperies, upholstery, powder
puffs,
and
other pile items. 2. A felt with velvet-like texture used for men’s and women’s hats.
VELVET CARPET- A woven carpet in which the
pile ends are lifted over wires that are inserted
in the same manner as the filling and that cut the pile as they are withdrawn.
VELVETEEN- A fabric with a low filling
pile made by cutting an
extra set of filling yarns woven in a float formation and bound to the
back of the material at intervals by weaving over and under one or
more warp ends.
VELVET FABRIC- A warp-pile woven fabric with
short, dense cut
pile that produces a rich fabric appearance and soft texture. Two
methods are used for weaving velvets. In the double-cloth method, two fabrics
are woven face to
face with the pile ends interlocking. A reciprocating knife cuts through these
pile ends to produce
two separate pieces of velvet. In the second method, pile ends are lifted over
cutting
wires
that are inserted with the filling and that are withdrawn to cut the pile.
Velvet is produced
in a
wide range of constructions and types. Originally made of silk, but now also of
cotton or manufactured
fibers giving fabrics that are sometimes washable. The fabric can be specially finished
to make it crush-resistant and water-repellent or it may be embossed or
patterned by
burn-out
printing.
VIBROSCOPE- An instrument for determining
the mass per unit length of a fiber.
VINAL FIBER- A manufactured fiber in which
the fiber-forming substance is any long chain
synthetic
polymer composed of at least 50% by weight of vinyl alcohol units and in which
the total
of the vinyl alcohol units and any one or more of the various acetal units is
at least 85% by
weight
of the fiber (FTC definition). Vinal fibers show good chemical resistance but
soften at
comparatively
low temperatures. Vinal fibers are used for apparel, industrial goods, and
fishnets.
VINYL- A univalent radical, (CH2=CH-), derived from ethylene.
VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE- A chemical material obtained
from ethylene, a petroleum product,
and
from chlorine. It is used for the manufacture of textile monofilaments and
film. It is more
commonly
identified in the U.S. as saran. (Also . SARAN FIBER.)
VINYON FIBER- A manufactured fiber in which
the fiber-forming substance is any long chain
synthetic
polymer composed of at least 85% by weight of vinyl chloride units (FTC
definition).
VISCOMETER- A device designed to measure
the viscosity (resistance to flow) of the fluid.
Many
types exist from simple calibrated glass tubes to extensively instrumented,
on-line shear
viscometers.
VISCOSE PROCESS- 1. One of the methods of producing
rayon. 2. The chemical process used in
the manufacture of cellophane.
VISCOSE RAYON- One type of rayon. It is
produced in far greater quantity than
cuprammonium
rayon, the other commercial type.
VISCOSE SOLUTION- The solution obtained by
dissolving cellulose xanthate in caustic soda,
from
which viscose filaments and cellophane are produced.
VISCOSITY- The internal flow resistance of
a fluid
VOILE FABRIC- A sheer spun cloth that is
lightweight and soft. It is usually made with cylindrical,
combed yarn. Voile is used for blouses, children’s wear, draperies, bedspreads,
etc.
VOLATILE- Readily vaporized at a
relatively low temperature.
VOLATILITY- Property of having a low
boiling point or temperature of sublimation at normal pressure.
Likewise, having a high vapor pressure at ambient conditions.
VOLUME RESISTIVITY- The ration of the potential
gradient parallel to the direction of current
flow in a compound to the current density after a specified time of voltage
application.