YARDAGE- The amount or length of a
fabric expressed in yards.
YARD GOODS- Fabric sold on a retail basis
by the running yard.
YARN- A generic term for a continuous
strand of textile fibers, filaments, or material in a form
suitable
for knitting, weaving, or otherwise intertwining to form a textile fabric. Yarn
occurs in
the
following forms- (1) a number of fibers twisted together (spun yarn); (2) a
number of
filaments
laid together without twist (a zero-twist yarn); (3) a number of filaments laid
together
with a
degree of twist; (4) a single filament with or without twist (a monofilament);
or (5) a
narrow
strip of material, such as paper, plastic film, or metal foil, with or without
twist, intended
for use
in a textile construction.
YARN CONSTRUCTION- A term used to indicate the
number of singles yarns and the number
of
strands combined for form each successive unit of a plied yarn or cord.
YARN DYEING DIFFERENCES- Variations in take-up of dyes
by yarns, resulting in streaks
in
finished fabrics.
YARN INTERMEDIATE- A generic term for products
obtained during the conversion of fibers
to
yarn, including card webs, laps, slivers, rovings, and tops.
YARN NUMBER- A relative measure of the
fineness of yarns. Two classes of systems are in
use-
(1) Direct yarn number (equal to linear density) is the mass per unit length of
yarn. This
system
is used for silk and manufactured filament yarns. (2) Indirect yarn number
(equal to the
reciprocal
of linear density) is the length per unit mass of yarn. This system is used for
cotton,
linen,
and wool-type spun yarns. (Also . COTTON COUNT.)
YARN NUMBER, EQUIVALENT SINGLE- The
number of a plied yarn or cord determined
by the
standard methods used for singles yarns.
YARN QUALITY- Various grades of yarn
designated by the producer with respect to
performance
characteristics, e.g., first quality, second quality, etc.
YARN-TO-CORD CONVERSION EFFICIENCY- In tire cord, this is a measurement relating tensile
strength of untwisted yarn to tensile strength of cord. Increasing cord twist
or increasing yarn
diameter lowers conversion efficiency.
YELLOWNESS COEFFICIENT- Measure of the color of a
molded acetate disc or dope solution.
Cy = 1-T4400/T6400 where Cy is the yellowness coefficient; T4400 is the transmission at 4400A
(blue); and T6400 is the transmission at 6400A (orange).
.
YIELD- 1. Number of linear or square
yards of fabric per pound of fiber or yarn. 2. The number of
finished square yards per pound of greige fabric.
YIELD POINT- Point on the stress-strain
curve where the load and elongation stop being directly
proportional. (Also . ELASTIC LIMIT.)
YOUNG’S MODULUS- A property of perfectly elastic
materials, it is the ratio of change in stress
to change in strain within the elastic limits of the material. The ratio is
calculated from the stress
expressed in force per unit cross sectional area, and the strain expressed as a
fraction of the original
length. Modulus so calculated is equivalent to the force required to strain the
sample 100% of
its original length, at the rate prevailing below the elastic limit.