TABLET TEST- . FLAMMABILITY TESTS,
Methanamine Pill Test.
TACKINESS- The property of being sticky or
adhesive.
TACTIC POLYMER- A polymer whose molecular
structure exhibits regularity or symmetry of
non-backbone
side groups rather than random ordering. (Also . ATACTIC POLYMER,
ISOTACTIC
POLYMER, and SYNDIOTACTIC POLYMER.)
TAFFETA- A plain-weave fabric with a
fine, smooth, crisp hand and usually a lustrous
appearance.
Taffeta fabric usually has a fine cross rib made by using a heavier filling
yarn than
warp
yarn. Taffetas are produced in solid colors, yarn-dyed plaids and stripes, and
prints.
Changeable
and moiré effects are often employed. Although originally made of silk,
manufactured
fibers are now often used in the production of taffeta.
TAK DYEING- . KUSTERS DYEING RANGE.
TAKE-UP (TWIST)- The change in length of a
filament, yarn, or cord caused by twisting,
expressed
as a percentage of the original (untwisted) length.
TAKE-UP (YARN-IN-FABRIC)- The difference
in distance between two points in a yarn as it
lies in
a fabric and the same two points after the yarn has been removed from the
fabric and
straightened
under specified tension, expressed as a percentage of the straightened length.
In this
sense,
take-up is contrasted to the crimp of a yarn in a fabric, which is expressed as
a percentage
of the
distance between the two points in the yarn as it lies in the fabric. Take-up
is generally
used in
connection with greige fabric.
TANGENT MODULUS- The ratio of change in stress
to change in strain derived from the
tangent
to any point on a stress-stain curve.
TANGLELACED FABRIC- . SPUNLACED FABRIC.
TAPE- 1. A narrow, woven fabric not over
8 inches in width. 2. In slide fasteners, a strip of
material,
along one edge of which the bead and scoops are attached, the bead sometimes
being
integral
with the strip. (Also . SLIT TAPE and NONELASTIC WOVEN TAPE.)
TAPE YARN- . SLIT-FILM YARN.
TARE- The weight of all external and
internal packing material (including bobbins, tubes, etc.)
of a
case, bale, or other type of container.
TARPAULIN- Water-resistant fabric used to
protect loads or materials from the elements. May
be a
coated fabric, a fabric with waterproof finish, or a fabric that is tightly
constructed to prevent
water
penetration.
TASLIN® PROCESS- . TEXTURING, Air Jet Method.
.
TEAR STRENGTH- The force required to begin or
to continue a tear in a fabric under specified
conditions.
TEASEL BURR- . NAPPING.
TEMPERATURE OF ZERO BIREFRINGENCE- The temperature at which the refractive
indexes
of a material are equal in two perpendicular directions (longitudinally and
transversely
for a
fiber).
TENACITY- The tensile stress when
expressed as force per unit linear density of the unstrained
specimen
(e.g., grams-force per denier or newtons per tex). (Also . BREAKING TENACITY.)
TENCEL®- Registered trademark of Tencel,
Inc. for their brand of cellulosic staple fiber
classified
as lyocell. . LYOCELL FIBER.
TENSILE FACTOR- The empirical factor T x E1/2 that describes the tenacity
elongation
exchange
relationship for a large number of manufactured fiber systems.
TENSILE HYSTERESIS CURVE- A
complex load-elongation, or stress-strain curve obtained-
(1)
when a specimen is successively subjected to the application of a load or
stress less than that
causing
rupture and to the removal of the load or stress according to a predetermined
procedure;
or (2)
when a specimen is stretched less than the breaking elongation and allowed to
relax by
removal
of the strain according to a predetermined procedure.
TENSILE RECOVERY CURVE- . TENSILE HYSTERESIS CURVE.
TENSILE STRAIN- The relative length deformation
exhibited by a specimen subjected to a
tensile
force. Strain may be expressed as a fraction of the nominal gauge length or as
a
percentage.
(Also . ELONGATION.)
TENSILE STRENGTH- 1. In general, the strength shown
by a specimen subjected to tension as
distinct
from torsion, compression, or shear. 2. Specifically, the maximum tensile stress
expressed
in force per unit cross-sectional area of the unstrained specimen, e.g.,
kilograms per
square
millimeter, pounds per square inch. (For maximum stress per unit linear
density, .
BREAKING
TENACITY or BREAKING LENGTH.)
TENSILE STRESS- The resistance to deformation
developed within a specimen subjected to
tension
by external force. The tensile stress is commonly expressed in two ways, either
as (1) the
tensile
strength, i.e., the force per unit cross-sectional area of the unstrained
specimen, or as (2)
tenacity,
i.e., the force per unit linear density of the unstrained specimen. The latter
is more
frequently
used in textile testing.
TENSILE TEST- A method of measuring the
resistance of a yarn or fabric to a force tending to
stretch
the specimen in one direction.
TENTER FRAME- A machine that dries fabric to
a specified width under tension. The machine
consists
essentially of a pair of endless chains on horizontal tracks. The fabric is
held firmly at
the
edges by pins or clips on the two chains that diverge as they advance through
the heated
chamber,
adjusting the fabric to the desired width.
TENTER MARK- . CLIP MARK.
.
TEREPHTHALIC ACID- Para-phthalic acid, [C6H4(COOH)2]. Used to produce polyester
resins,
fibers, and films by combination with glycols.
TERPOLYMER- A product of the polymerization
of three different monomers.
TERRY CLOTH- A cotton or cotton-blend fabric
having uncut loops on one or both sides.
Made on
a dobby loom with a terry arrangement or on a Jacquard loom. It is used for
toweling,
beach
robes, etc.
TERTIARY COLORS- Shades that are obtained by
mixing the three primary colors or by
mixing
one or more of the secondary colors with gray or black.
TETRACHLORIDE- A chloride, such as carbon
tetrachloride, containing four atoms of
chlorine.
TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE FIBER- .
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE FIBER.
TEX- 1. A unit for expressing linear
density, equal to the weight in grams of 1 kilometer of yarn,
filament,
fiber, or other textile strand. 2. The system of yarn numbering based on the use of tex
units.
(Also . YARN NUMBER.)
TEXTILE- Originally, a woven fabric; now
applied generally to any one of the following- 1.
Staple
fibers and filaments suitable for conversion to or use as yarns, or for the
preparation of
woven,
knit, or nonwoven fabrics. 2. Yarns made from natural or manufactured fibers. 3. Fabrics
and
other manufactured products made from fibers as defined above and from yarns. 4. Garments
and
other articles fabricated from fibers, yarns, or fabrics when the products
retain the
characteristic
flexibility and drape of the original fabrics.
TEXTILE MATERIALS- A general term for fibers, yarn
intermediates, yarn, fabrics, and
products
made from fabrics that retain more or less completely the strength,
flexibility, and other
typical
properties of the original fiber or filaments.
TEXTILE PROCESSING- Any mechanical operation used
to translate a textile fiber or yarn to
a
fabric or other textile material. This includes such operations as opening,
carding, spinning,
plying,
twisting, texturing, coning, quilling, beaming, slashing, weaving, and
knitting.
TEXTURE- A term describing the surface
effect of a fabric, such as dull, lustrous, wooly, stiff,
soft,
fine, coarse, open, or closely woven; the structural quality of a fabric.
TEXTURED- An adjective used to describe
continuous filament manufactured yarns (and woven
and
knit fabrics made therefrom) that have been crimped or have had random loops
imparted, or
that
have been otherwise modified to create a different surface texture. (Also .
TEXTURED
YARNS
and TEXTURING.)
TEXTURED YARNS- Yarns that develop stretch and
bulk on subsequent processing. When
woven
or knitted into fabric, the cover, hand, and other aesthetics of the finished
fabric better
resemble
the properties of a fabric constructed from spun yarn. (Also . TEXTURING.)
TEXTURING- The process of crimping,
imparting random loops, or otherwise modifying
continuous
filament yarn to increase cover, resilience, abrasion resistance, warmth,
insulation,
and
moisture absorption or to provide a different surface texture. Texturing
methods can be
placed
roughly into six groups. (Also . TEXTURED YARNS.)
THERMAL CHARACTER- A tactile property of a textile
material. It is the difference felt in
the
temperature of the material and the skin of the person touching it.
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY- A measure of heat flow through
a material.
THERMALLY STABILIZED- . HEAT STABILIZED.
THERMOBONDING- A technique for bonding fibers
of a web with meltable powders or fibers,
using
infrared heating, hot air, or hot-calendering. (Also . BONDING, Bonding with
Binder
Fibers
and POWDER-BONDED NON-WOVEN.)
THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS- Analytical
technique in which the rate of change in
weight
of a material undergoing continuous heating versus temperature is plotted. Used
in
analysis
of polymers to provide information on such parameters as degree of
crystallinity, glass
transition
temperature, thermal stability, etc.
THERMO-MAN- . FLAMMABILITY TEST,
Thermo-Man.
THERMOPLASTIC- A term used to describe a
plastic material that is permanently fusible. The
term as
applied to manufactured fibers describes their tendency to soften at higher
temperatures.
THERMOSET- A term used to describe a
plastic that, once formed, does not melt when heated.
THERMOSOL PROCESS- . DYEING, Thermal Fixation.
THERMOTROPIC POLYMER- Polymer that exhibits liquid
crystal formation in melt form.
In
thermotropic polymers there must be a balance between having the necessary
degree of
molecular
perfection to preserve the liquid crystal formation and the amount of
imperfection to
permit
melting at workable temperatures. These polymers give high-modulus, highly
oriented,
extrusion
products.
THREAD- 1. A slender, strong strand or
cord, especially one designed for sewing or other
needlework.
Most threads are made by plying and twisting yarns. A wide variety of thread
types
are in
use today, e.g., spun cotton and spun polyester, core-spun cotton with a
polyester filament
core,
polyester or nylon filaments (often bonded), and monofilament threads. 2. A general term
for
yarns used in weaving and knitting, as in “thread count” and “warp thread”.
THREAD COUNT- 1. The number of ends and picks
per inch in a woven cloth. 2. The number
of
wales and courses per inch in a knit fabric.
.
THREADED-ROLL PROCESS- A high-speed method developed
by Celanese for converting
crimped
continuous filament tow into highly bulked, uniformly spread webs of up to
108-inch
widths.
The webs are useful in a variety of products, such as cigarette filters,
sleeping pillows,
and
battings.
THREADUP- The process of directing or
threading fiber or fabric through all machine positions
to
start or restart a process, or the configuration resulting therefrom.
THREE-BAR FABRIC- A tricot fabric made on a
machine equipped with three guide bars.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL WEAVING- To
produce three-dimensional textiles, yarns are
simultaneously
woven in three directions (length, width, and thickness) rather than in the
conventional
two. The types of structures that can be produced fall into four broad classes-
(1)
contoured
fabrics, (2) expandable fabrics, (3) interwoven fabrics (Also . DOUBLE WEAVE),
and (4)
contoured interwoven fabrics.
THROUGHPUT- The amount of raw material
processed in a specific time. This is the actual
amount,
not a percentage.
THROWING- The operation of doubling or
twisting silk or manufactured filament yarns.
THROWSTER- A company that specializes in
putting additional twist in yarn. More recently,
the
term also applies to a company that specializes in texturing yarns.
THRUM- The fringe of warp yarns that
remains on the loom when the woven fabric has been cut
free.
TICKING- A durable, closely woven fabric
used for covering box springs, mattresses, and
pillows.
Ticking may be woven in a plain, satin, or twill weave, usually with strong
warp yarns
and
soft filling yarns.
TIE-BACK- . STICKER, 1.
TIGHT or LOOSE END- A taut or slack warp end caused
by too much or too little tension on
an
individual end while weaving, by ridgy section or warp beams, by incorrect
tensions in
beaming
or sizing, or as a result of faulty fabric design.
TIME-TO-BREAK- In tensile testing, the time
interval during which a specimen is under
prescribed
conditions of tension and is absorbing the energy required to reach maximum
load.
TINT- Coloration that produces a very
pale shade. A tint usually represents the minimum
amount
of color that will give perceptible appearance of coloration. In yarn
processing, fugitive
tints
are used for identification, then removed in wet processing.
.
TIP-SHEARED CARPET- A textured pile carpet similar
to a random-sheared carpet, but with a
less defined
surface effect.
TIRE-BUILDER FABRIC- Fabric consisting of tire cord
in the warp with single yarn filling at
extended
intervals.
TIRE CONSTRUCTION- The geometry of the various
layers of tire fabric in the final tire.
Three
constructions are commonly used.
TIRE CORD- A textile material used to
impart the flex resistance necessary for tire
reinforcement.
Tire yarns of polyester, rayon, nylon, aramid, glass, or steel are twisted to 5
to 12
turns
per inch. Two or more of these twisted yarns are twisted together in the
opposite direction
to
obtain a cabled tire cord. The twist level required depends on the material,
the yarn linear
density,
and the particular application of the cord. Normally, tire cords are twisted to
about the
same
degree in the S and Z directions, which means that the net effect is almost
zero twist in the
finished
cord. (Also . TIRE FABRIC.)
TIRE FABRIC- A loose fabric woven to
facilitate large-scale dipping, treating, and calendering
of tire
cords. Usually, 15 to 35 tire cords per inch of warp are woven into a tire
fabric by 2 to 5
light
filling yarns per inch. In these fabrics, the strength is in the warp and the
filling only holds
cords
in position for processing. The filling yarns are normally broken during tire
molding. The
warp
cords are polyester, rayon, nylon, aramid, glass, or steel and range in
strength from 30
pounds
to over 100 pounds per cord. A 60-inch fabric would normally have a warp
strength of
about
7,000 pounds. Such fabrics are used for tire carcasses and tire belts. More
conventional
square
woven fabrics are used in certain parts of a tire such as the bead, chafer, and
wrapping.
(Also .
TIRE CORD.)
.
TITANIUM DIOXIDE- A compound (TiO2) that occurs naturally in
three different forms
(rutile,
anatase, and brookite). It is used chiefly as a pigment or delusterant in paint
or fiber.
TOBACCO CLOTH- A thin, lightweight, open cloth
used to shade and protect tobacco plants.
TOE CLOSING- In knitting hosiery, this term
refers to closing the toe opening. It may be knit
closed,
or in tube hosiery, sewn closed.
TOILE- 1. A broad term describing many
simple plain weave twill fabrics, especially those made
from
linen. 2. Sheer cotton and linen fabrics.
TONGUE TEAR STRENGTH- The average force required to
tear a rectangular sample with a
cut in
the edge at the center of the shorter side. The two tongues are gripped in a
tensile tester
and the
force required to continue and tear is measured.
TOP- 1. A wool sliver that has been
combed to straighten the fibers and to remove short fiber; an
intermediate
stage in the production of worsted yarn. 2. A similar untwisted strand of
manufactured
staple delivered by the comb or made directly from tow.
TOP COLORS- Colors used on the ground color
to form a design.
TOP DYEING- 1. The process of covering with an
additional dye, not necessarily of the same
color
or class, to obtain the desired shade. 2. Fiber in top form is placed in cans and dyed in a
batch-dye
vessel with reverse cycling capability. An expensive process that is used
primarily for
fancy
yarns.
TORQUE- A force or a combination of
forces that produces or tends to produce a twisting or
rotating
motion. In reference to yarn, torque refers to the yarn’s tendency to turn on
itself, or
kink,
as a result of twisting.
TORQUE YARN- . TEXTURED YARNS.
TOTAL DENIER (OF TOW)- The product of the denier per
filament times the number of
filaments
in a tow.
TOUGHNESS- 1. Ability of a material to endure
large deformations without rupture. 2. The
actual
work per unit mass required to rupture a fiber or a yarn.
TOW- A large strand of continuous
manufactured fiber filaments without definite twist, collected
in
loose, rope-like form, usually held together by crimp. Tow is the form that
most manufactured
fiber
reaches before being cut into staple. It is often processed on tow-conversion
machinery into
tops,
sliver, or yarn, or on tow-opening equipment to make webs for various uses.
TRANSESTERIFICATION- In the production of polyester
from dimethyl terephthalate and
ethylene
glycol, the process of exchanging ethylene glycol for the methyl groups to
obtain bis-â-
hydroxyethyl
terephthalate. The methanol generated in the reaction is removed as it is
formed to
drive
the reaction to completion.
TRANSFER TAIL- A long end of yarn wound at the
base of a package
that permits increased warping or transfer efficiency by providing
an easily accessible connecting point for the succeeding package.
TRANSITION TEMPERATURE- A temperature at which some
radical change, usually a
phase
change, in the appearance or structure of a substance occurs. Examples of
transition
temperatures
are melting point, boiling point, and second-order transition temperature.
TRAPEZOID TEAR TESTER- . ELMENDORF TEAR TESTER.
TRAPPED END- An end that is unable to unwrap
or unwind from the beam. Trapping of an end
may be
prolonged or intermittent depending upon the cause of trapping (e.g., rolled
ends at the
selvage,
short ends, or mechanical difficulties).
TRAVELER- A C-shaped, metal clip that
revolves around the ring on a ring spinning frame. It
guides
the yarn onto the bobbin as twist is inserted into the yarn.
TRAVERSE LENGTH- The lateral distance between
the points of reversal of the wind on a
yarn
package.
TRAVERSE RATIO- . WIND RATIO.
TREE BARK- A term describing the rippled
or wavy effect sometimes .n when
a bonded fabric is stretched in the horizontal (widthwise) direction.
This defect is caused by bias tensions present when two
distorted
or skewed fabrics are bonded.
TRIACETATE FIBER- A manufactured fiber produced
from cellulose triacetate
in the forms of filament yarn, staple, and tow. Cellulose triacetate
fiber differs from acetate fiber in that during its manufacture
the
cellulose is completely acetylated whereas acetate, which is diacetate, is only
partially acetylated. The FTC notes that a fiber may be called triacetate
when not less than 92% of the hydroxyl groups are acetylated. Fabrics
of triacetate have higher heat resistance than acetate fabrics and can be
safely ironed at higher temperatures. Triacetate fabrics that have been
properly heat-set (usually after dyeing) have improved ease-of-care characteristics
because of a change in the crystalline structure of the
fiber.
TRIACETIN- Glycerol triacetate. A type of
plasticizer for acetate fibers. It is widely used to
add
firmness to cigarette filter rods.
TRIAXIAL FABRICS- Completely isotropic fabrics made
in a weaving process
employing three yarns at 60° angles to each other. These
fabrics have no
stretch or distortion in any direction. With equal sizes and
number
of yarns in all three directions, the fabric approaches equal strength
and stiffness in all directions.
TRICOT- A generic term for the most
common type of warp-knit fabric. It has fine wales on the
face
and coursewise ribs on the back. It can be made in a plain jersey construction
or in meshes,
stripes,
and many other designs. Tricot is usually made of triacetate, acetate,
polyester, nylon, or
rayon.
(Also . JERSEY and KNITTING, 1.)
.
TRICOT BEAM- A metal flanged beam, commonly
42 inches in width, on which yarn is wound
for use
as a supply for the tricot machine.
TRICOT FABRIC YIELD- The number of square yards per
pound of greige or finished tricot
fabric.
TRIMER- A polymer consisting of three
monomer units. (Also . CYCLIC TRIMER.)
TRISKELION CROSS SECTION- A
trilobal cross section in which the radiating arms are
curved
or bent. (Also . CROSS SECTION.)
TRISTIMULUS VALUES- In shade matching during
dyeing, these values represent the amount
of each
of the three primary colors that, when mixed additively, will generate the
desired shade.
TRUE TENSILE STRENGTH- The maximum tensile stress
expressed in force per unit area of
the
specimen at the time of rupture. (Also . TENSILE STRENGTH.)
TUBE- 1. A cylindrical holder or bobbin
used as a core for a cylindrical yarn package. 2. A
cylindrical
yarn package.
TUBING- A woven, knit, or braided
fabric of cylindrical form, having a width of over 4 inches.
TUBULAR FABRIC- A fabric woven or knit in a
tube form with no seams, such as seamless
pillowcases,
some knit underwear fabrics, and seamless hosiery. (Also . CIRCULAR-KNIT
FABRIC.)
TUCK STITCH- A knitting stitch made when a
needle receives a new yarn without losing its old
loop.
TUFT- 1. A cluster of soft yarns drawn
through a fabric and projecting from the surface in the
form of
cut yarns or loops. 2. The portion of pile-like material that comprises a tufted fabric
or
carpet.
(Also . TUFTED FABRIC and TUFTED CARPET.)
TUFTED CARPET- Carpet produced by a tufting
machine instead of a loom. It is an outgrowth
of
hand-tufted bedspreads. Today, broadloom tufting machines produce over 90% of
all domestic
carpeting.
Tufting machines are essentially multineedle sewing machines that push the pile
yarns
through
a primary backing fabric and hold them in place to form loops as the
needles are withdrawn. The loops are then either released for loop-pile
carpets or cut for cut-pile carpets. The pile yarns may be
either
predyed or uncolored, in which case, the greige carpet is then piece-dyed
or printed. In either case, a latex or other binding agent is applied
to the backstitch to lock the tufts in place and to secure the
secondary
backing fabric. Formerly, all carpets were woven, either by hand or
machine. The significantly greater productivity of tufting has revolutionized
the carpet industry and made soft floor coverings available to the mass market.
TUFTED FABRIC- Cotton sheeting, lightweight
duck, or other fabric decorated with fluffy tufts
of
multiple-ply, soft-twist cotton yarns or manufactured fiber yarns closely
arranged in
continuous
lines or spaced at intervals to produce the type of fabric called candlewick.
The tufts
are
inserted and cut by machine in previously woven fabric or are woven in by the
loom and
afterwards
cut to form the tufts. They have a chenille-like softness and bulk and are
erroneously
called
chenille. Patterns vary from simple straight lines and elaborate designs to
completely
covered
materials resembling long pile fabrics. The may be white, solid colored, or
multicolored.
Tufted
fabrics are used for bedspreads, bath mats, and robes, etc.
TULLE- A fine, very lightweight,
machine-made net usually having a hexagonal mesh effect.
Tulle
is used in ballet costumes and veils.
TURBIDITY- The decrease in optical
transparency of a solution because of the presence of
particulate
matter.
TURN- The distance parallel to the
axis of a yarn or rope in which a strand makes one complete
spiral.
(Also . TWIST.)
TURNED-OVER EDGE- A curled selvage.
TWEED- An irregular, soft, flexible,
unfinished, shaggy wool or wool-blend fabric made with a
2/2
twill weave. Tweeds are used in all types of coat fabrics and suitings.
TWILL WEAVE- A fundamental weave
characterized by diagonal lines produced by a series of
floats
staggered in the warp direction. The floats are normally formed by filling
(filling-faced
twill).
A warp-face twill is a weave in which the warp yarns produce the diagonal
effect.
TWILO PROCESS- A spinning process in which
yarn is made by binding fibers with an
adhesive,
then removing the adhesive after the yarn is made into fabric.
TWINE- 1. A plied yarn made form
medium-twist single yarns with ply twist in the opposite
direction.
2. A single-strand yarn, usually 3
or 4 millimeters in diameter, made of hard fibers,
such as
henequen, sisal, abaca, or phormium, and sufficiently stiff to perform
satisfactorily on a
mechanical
grain binder.
TWIST- The number of turns about its
axis per unit of length of a yarn or other textile strand.
Twist
is expressed as turns per inch (tpi), turns per meter (tpm), or turns per
centimeter (tpcm).
TWIST, DIRECTION OF- The direction of twist in yarns
and other
textile strands is indicated by the capital letters S and Z. Yarn has
S-twist if when it is held vertically, the spirals around its central
axis
slope in the same direction as the middle portion of the letter S, and
Z-twist if they slope in the same direction as the middle portion of the
letter Z. When two or more yarns, either single or plied, are
twisted
together, the letters S and Z are used in a similar manner to indicate
the direction of the last twist inserted.
TWISTING- 1. The process of combining
filaments into yarn by twisting
them together or combining two or more parallel singles yarns
(spun or filament) into plied yarns or cords. Cables are made
by
twisting plied yarns or cords. Twisting is also employed to increase
strength, smoothness, and uniformity, or to obtain novelty effects in yarn. 2. A very high level
of twist is added to single or plied yarns to make crepe yarns. This operation
generally is called
creping or throwing. 3. The process of adding twist to a filament yarn to hold the
filaments together
for ease in subsequent textile processing, etc.
TWIST MULTIPLIER- The ratio of turns per inch to
the square root of the yarn count.
TWIST SETTING- A process for fixing twist in
yarns to deaden torque and eliminate kinking
during
further processing. There are several methods that use steam to condition the
packages of
yarns.
TWIT- A short section of real twist
in false-twist yarn that prevents crimp development and
hence
causes a pinhole effect in fabric. Also called twist bleed or tight spot.
TWO-FOR-ONE TWISTER- A twister that inserts twist at
a rate of twice the spindle speed.
For
example, at a spindle speed of 2,000 rpm, 4,000 turns per minute are inserted
in the yarn.
.