Textile finishing usually includes treatments such as scouring, bleaching, dyeing and/or printing,
the final mechanical or chemical finishing operations, that during this stage are carried out on
textile products to enhance their basic characteristics like....
1.Dye penetration,
2.Printability,
3.Wettability,
4.Colour,
5. Appearance.
Finishing operations can be carried out by 3 ways discontinuous, continuous and semicontinuous systems.
- Discontinuous or batch-type systems:- all the operations are carried out on a single machine; it is therefore necessary to load the machine, carry out the treatments following a predetermined cycle, unload the machine and finally wash it thoroughly before starting a new cycle. This working process is extremely flexible and is suitable for processing small lots: for example, it is possible to a carry out a scouring treatment on a single machine, then a bleaching one followed by a dyeing process. For the production of large lots, the discontinuous process is labour-intensive, i.e. it requires many operators to load and unload the material; it also entails long processing times and results that can vary from one batch to another.
- Continuous systems:- The operations are carried out by means of a series of machines; every machine carries out always and solely the same process. Every machine is assembled according to specific production requirements. A system like this entails high start-up costs and a complex setup but once the system has started, it requires a smaller staff and grants excellent repeatability and high output rates; continuous systems are therefore suitable for manufacturing large lots of products with the highest cost-efficiency.
- Semi-continuous systems:- in these mixed systems several operations are carried out with both continuous and discontinuous machines. For example, a continuous pad-batch machine is used to wet the fabric and a discontinuous system is then used for other treatments. These mixed systems are suitable for processing small and medium lots; they require reasonable start-up costs and grant quite good reproducibility
VARIOUS STAGES OF TEXTILE FINISHING
